cuatro.1 EHS during 1951–1980
The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).
These types of uncommon thermal anomalies when you look at the western Russia was caused by an effective quasi-stationary anticyclonic flow (Bardin 2007). Current search (Zveryaev et al. 2012) shows that summer time from 1972 are characterised because of the positive phase of your own Northern Atlantic Oscillation.
cuatro.2 EHS through the 1981–1990
The brand new exceptional summer from the seasons protected the fresh main and you can east parts of European Russia (Fig. 2). The EHS is actually seen in the 7 station, for instance the easternmost Ivdel’ (where it actually was the only including june when you look at the months) and you may Ekaterinburg. In Kirov and you may Perm, this was the hottest june of the several months. The common heavens heat along the town is greater than the brand new long-title mediocre because of the 2.5–3.step 3 °C. The heat is more than the new long-term average in all around three summer season, but August are the only real incredibly hot times and only at 1 / 2 of the channels (for instance the most widely used of one’s whole period inside the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you may Perm), when you are June and July didn’t meet up with the requirement. There can be numerous months that have an optimum temperature higher than 29 °C, especially in the latest southern (20–25, an average of 9–11). Only on the southwestern an element of the urban area, there are months that have lowest temperature surpassing 20 °C (Dining table 5).
The summer out of 1988 is exceedingly scorching and you may, as with 1981, heavens temperature defects secure main and eastern elements of Western european Russia, although the area affected was quicker involving only four stations (Fig. 2). In the about three northern channels, it was the greatest, along with the fact from Kotlas, also the just EHS on study period. The essential difference between the common much time-name plus the EHS average temperature varied from dos.3 to three.step 1 °C along the city. July ended up including sizzling hot (in the particular stations the hottest of your own several months) why are Coronado women so beautiful. Only inside the Ekaterinburg did the newest heat avoid in short supply of fulfilling the standards in almost any of weeks. There have been more 10 days which have an optimum temperature over 29 °C at all this new station, plus in the south, the quantity is actually nearly 20 (compared to the anywhere between about three and you will half dozen on average). Only remote instances of weeks that have a minimum temperatures above 20 °C have been submitted throughout the south of your own affected region (Desk 5).